中新網(wǎng)評(píng)：美國(guó)“超級(jí)大國(guó)”是制裁出來的嗎？

　　中新網(wǎng)北京4月2日電 (蔣鯉) 《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》近日發(fā)表評(píng)論文章，稱美國(guó)為全球唯一的“制裁超級(jí)大國(guó)”，并指出美國(guó)應(yīng)該明智地使用這種權(quán)力。事實(shí)上，動(dòng)輒發(fā)起單邊制裁，不僅無法解決問題，緩解地緣沖突，反而會(huì)有損美國(guó)的全球信任度，最終使美國(guó)走向孤立。

　　據(jù)美國(guó)財(cái)政部發(fā)布的報(bào)告，截至2021財(cái)年，美國(guó)已生效的制裁措施累計(jì)達(dá)到9400多項(xiàng)，比20年前增長(zhǎng)了近10倍，數(shù)量之多令人咋舌。難道美國(guó)的“超級(jí)大國(guó)”地位是制裁出來的嗎？

　　伊朗、敘利亞、古巴、委內(nèi)瑞拉等國(guó)都因?yàn)橹撇米璧K了正常的對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)活動(dòng)，導(dǎo)致本國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展受限，民眾生活水平持續(xù)低迷。

　　而另一方面，美國(guó)雖然打著“支持烏克蘭”的旗號(hào)發(fā)起對(duì)俄羅斯的嚴(yán)厲制裁，卻導(dǎo)致油價(jià)高企，令不少歐洲國(guó)家苦不堪言。

　　正如美國(guó)塔夫茨大學(xué)學(xué)者丹尼爾?德雷茲納撰文指出，過去10年間，經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁已成為美國(guó)幾乎所有外交問題的首選解決方案。但事實(shí)上，美國(guó)這種單邊制裁正逐漸失去威懾力，俄羅斯和伊朗等國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)的強(qiáng)硬態(tài)度就是美國(guó)制裁失敗的最好證明。

　　不僅如此，美國(guó)頻頻揮舞“制裁大棒”，盟友也深受其害。在美國(guó)的“長(zhǎng)臂管轄”下，法國(guó)“工業(yè)明珠”阿爾斯通就曾慘遭美國(guó)“肢解”；為保護(hù)本國(guó)天然氣行業(yè)和維護(hù)自己在歐亞地區(qū)的地緣政治利益，美國(guó)對(duì)連接德國(guó)和俄羅斯的“北溪-2”項(xiàng)目實(shí)施多輪制裁，最終導(dǎo)致該項(xiàng)目至今未能完工；上個(gè)世紀(jì)，日本也在著名的“東芝事件”中受到美國(guó)打壓。

　　從本質(zhì)上講，這種不分?jǐn)秤训闹撇眯袨槭菍?duì)他國(guó)主權(quán)的侵犯，不僅損害了他國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，這種“美國(guó)優(yōu)先”的心態(tài)也會(huì)使美國(guó)在全球合作中逐漸被孤立。

　　肆意對(duì)主權(quán)國(guó)家和他國(guó)合法經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)實(shí)行單邊制裁，企圖用政治霸權(quán)影響商業(yè)秩序，阻礙全球正常經(jīng)貿(mào)合作，就是從側(cè)面反映出，美國(guó)外交影響力逐漸衰弱，在面對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和世界多極化的歷史潮流時(shí)，維護(hù)霸權(quán)地位能用的武器越來越少。

　　當(dāng)下，全球化進(jìn)程受阻，各國(guó)加強(qiáng)合作、共同維護(hù)正常的貿(mào)易規(guī)則和秩序才是全球發(fā)展之道。美國(guó)揮舞“制裁大棒”，逆潮流而行，極不明智，終會(huì)引起越來越多的反對(duì)和批評(píng)，使美國(guó)走向孤立。

　　Sanctions fuel U.S. role as superpower?

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- An opinion work in The New York Times called the U.S. “the only sanctions superpower” and said the country “must use that power wisely.” The U.S. has been keening on using sanction weapons for a long time. Is the "superpower" nurtured by sanctions?

　　But arbitrary sanctions are by no means a good choice to solve problems or to alleviate geopolitical conflicts. On the contrary, it will gradually damage the world's trust in the country, eventually leading the U.S. to isolation.

　　According to the 2021 Sanctions Review released by the U.S. Treasury Department, by fiscal year 2021, the U.S. had over 9,400 effective sanction designations, almost 10 times the number 20 years ago.

　　U.S. sanctions on countries such as Iran, Syria, Cuba and Venezuela have impeded their normal economic and trade activities with the world, resulting in sluggish economic development and low quality of life for people in those countries.

　　U.S. sanctions on Russia under the pretext of “backing up Ukraine” have raised global oil prices and many European countries are also suffering from Russian counter-measures.

　　Daniel W. Drezner, a scholar at Tufts University, pointed out in his article The United States of Sanctions that to anyone paying attention to U.S. foreign policy for the past decade, it has become obvious the United States relies on one tool above all: economic sanctions.

　　However, such sanctions are losing potency, as evidenced by the tough attitude of Russia and Iran towards the country.

　　What’s more, U.S. sanctions also affect relations with its allies. For example, the world-famous Alstom of France has been split due to the U.S.’ “l(fā)ong-arm jurisdiction." The North Stream 2 connecting Germany and Russia is still uncompleted due to obstruction by the U.S., which tries to protect its liquefied natural gas industry and its geopolitical interests in Eurasia. Even Japan has been suppressed by the U.S. in the Toshiba event last century.

　　Sanctions without distinction are infringements on the sovereignty of other countries and a blow to their economic interests. The "America first" mentality will gradually exclude the country from global cooperation.

　　The U.S. wantonly imposes unilateral sanctions on sovereign countries and legally operated enterprises, in an attempt to use political hegemony to influence business order and hinder normal global economic and trade cooperation. This reflects that the diplomatic influence of the U.S. is gradually weakening, and that there are fewer cards it can play to maintain its hegemony in the face of economic globalization.

　　Globalization requires all countries across the world to cooperate and jointly safeguard normal trade rules to promote global development. U.S. sanctions go against this trend, which will eventually trigger worldwide opposition, criticism and isolation.